In the comments section, John Carney has replied to my earlier post with regard to his view on unemployment. I reproduce his response and then offer a rejoinder.
Hi John,Bob,I know [sic] see a a critical difference between your outlook and mine. You see market processes as a panacea for the economy, much the way statists see the government as a panacea.I don't think we have easy solutions to life's problems. Market processes may be the best we have available but that does not mean things like unemployment go away just because we do away with intervention.There's nothing in Austrian economics that suggests otherwise. Unemployment can indeed arise, even at high levels, because of natural shocks, shifts in consumer behavior or technological innovation.For example, suppose all the lobsters of Maine die out. Or consumers suddenly decide that lobsters are disgusting. It doesn't really make a difference whether it is a supply or demand shock.In any case, the lobstermen are now redundant. They have skills for which there is no market. They must now take jobs that demand no skills, perhaps leaving their homes in search of unskilled labor.But note that nothing in this story means there is a demand for more unskilled labor anywhere. So these new workers must necessarily compete against the already in-place unskilled workers.This might have the effect of pushing wages down. On the margin it probably will. But employers face non-wage related costs of replacing experienced workers with new workers, including the cost of uncertainty about the ability of the new workers.What's more, wages can only go so low. They are greater than zero-bound. In fact, they are bound at the level of subsistence. Workers who cannot afford to eat will not work. This is not caused by government intervention but by human action.Doesn't it strike you that unemployment can arise in this situation, without any government intervention? Or do you think this is somehow impossible?Do you not regard this as at least unfortunate? That the once proud lobstermen now reduced to poverty and most likely unemployment strikes me as a social evil. It may, perhaps, be a necessary evil if the solutions would inflict greater evil. But why not at least admit it is a bad result.I think your view that no bad results can arise from market processes lets you off too easy. It is harder, nobler, and takes more courage to defend markets that are not perfect and do not always result in progress.I think it is also better tactically. To most people, the claim that unemployment is not a social evil makes you seem cold-hearted. The claim that unemployment cannot arise but for government intervention makes you seem out of touch with reality. I understand that you are neither of these things, that you have good reasons for holding these positions and good intentions, but I am not the one you need to convince about the justice of market processes.For those of you who don't know, I regard Bob as a friend and an ally. He's frequently promoted the writings of me and my brother, Tim Carney, on EPJ. I think EPJ makes a valuable contribution to our public debates about politics and economics. So I hope my comments here will be read in the friendly spirit in which they are offered.As always,John Carney
You mention that unemployment may rise to high levels, but then use the example of lobstermen who find themselves unemployed. This a case of specific unemployment and not broad-based unemployment, but allow me to discuss this situation for a moment.
I never intended to give the impression that unemployment can never exist. Under the circumstances you outline, the lobstermen would surely be unemployed while they searched for new jobs. Indeed, in my original post I made it clear I was talking about long-term unemployment:
Long-term unemployment is the result of two factors: minimum wage laws and unemployment "insurance" payments... I see no other factor that can cause unemployment (outside of some very short-term unemployment when a person searches for a new job)But, more important, I do not deny that at times unemployment can become massive:
We see clusters of unemployment in economies at times when a central bank exists and manipulates the money supply, which results in the boom-bust business cycle. But this has nothing to do with "capitalist economies" and everything to do with central banks. During the bust phase, sizable unemployment occurs because the economy is going through a readjustment phase following the distortions caused by central bank money manipulation during the boom phase. But even this unemployment would clear up fairly quickly, if allowed to do so. The unemployment tends to linger only as a result of the minimum wage laws and unemployment "insurance" payments which hinder the readjustment process from taking place.But back to the lobstermen, you write that lobstermen may not be able to find jobs. You start off first by writing:
In any case, the lobstermen are now redundant. They have skills for which there is no market. They must now take jobs that demand no skills, perhaps leaving their homes in search of unskilled labor.
But note that nothing in this story means there is a demand for more unskilled labor anywhere. So these new workers must necessarily compete against the already in-place unskilled workers.But, you then write:
What's more, wages can only go so low. They are greater than zero-bound. In fact, they are bound at the level of subsistence. Workers who cannot afford to eat will not work. This is not caused by government intervention but by human action.
Doesn't it strike you that unemployment can arise in this situation, without any government intervention? Or do you think this is somehow impossible?
Do you not regard this as at least unfortunate? That the once proud lobstermen now reduced to poverty and most likely unemployment strikes me as a social evil. It may, perhaps, be a necessary evil if the solutions would inflict greater evil. But why not at least admit it is a bad result.
The first part of what you write has some truth. The basic supply and demand curve teaches us that as supply increases, the price falls, but it nowhere says that the demand curve would simply disappear for some workers. That would make no sense. If for example, there is an economy with 10 workers, each earning $100 per week, if nothing else, if another 10 workers appear on the scene then revenue for the 20 workers would be $50 per week. That's how supply and demand would adjust to an increase in the supply of workers. But, before you charge me with being harsh and not caring that the pay to workers has declined, please keep in mind that the consumers of lobsters now have more funds with which to increase their demand for other products, since they are no longer purchasing lobsters. You completely fail to consider this part of the equation.
Net, net, when demand shifts down in one area, it increases in another. As for your argument that there is a zero-bound to wages and that workers can't work who are starving. In one sense, I agree with you that this is a natural lower bound to wages. But, I think it has little to do with a plentiful country such as the United States, But further if anywhere, I see a bunch of men starving and I am an entrepreneur, I obtain land and put these men to work on the land and pay them a portion of what they are going to produce.
So I just don't get how market unemploymnet is a "social evil". If lobsters die off or people lose their appetite for lobsters, it is true that lobstermen will be out of a job as lobstermen, but entrepreneurs will be out attempting to find new work for these men immediately. Where is the evil?
In my view, the problem in the United States is not one of wages plunging to starvation levels, if we remove minimum wage laws. Rather that many now who can not find jobs, starvation or otherwise, will at last be able to join the job market. In other words, the removal of minimum wage laws, removes evil.
The highest level of unemployment is among black male teenagers. Because they are not employed, their income is indeed zero. If the minimum wage is lowered, they will finally get a job and learn basic jobs skills and certainly have more money in their pocket than they do now.
The government is who failed these youth in the first place by failing to give them a decent education, now the government is pricing them out of the jobs market as a result of minimum wages. That's evil!
Finally, John I would like to comment on your opening paragraph where you write:
You see market processes as a panacea for the economy, much the way statists see the government as a panacea.I see a huge difference between the way I view the economy and the way statists do.
My view of the great beneficial powers of free markets is based on understanding the deductive reasoning of the implications of how man acts, as outlined by the great economists, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich Hayek and Murray Rothbard. I see the statist view as making significant errors in their thinking.
If you are attempting to imply that my belief in the market process is somehow mystical, you are wrong. Starting from the premise that man acts, by deduction, I can prove out the superiority of free markets. I am not shouting out "free markets" without the ability to logically back up what I say.
John, we'll have to go over this more the next time we have a beer.